I grew up using "Daddy Long Legs" to refer to Harvestmen. If you're not familiar with these creatures, here are some quick facts. Their chelicerae (the stumpy face-arms that spiders' fangs are mounted on) typically bear tiny crabby-claws instead of fangs. Taxonomically, they're Opiliones - they're typically considered to be more closely related to mites and scorpions than spiders. Relative to their body length, they have some of the longest penises in the animal kingdom - like a bunch of little Ron Jeremys. And since you won't stop asking me about Harvestman penises, the (inherently incomplete) fossil record has Harvestmen as the first land animals to dress to the left or right.
So, obviously, I didn't take this lovely photo of a
Harvestman. I realize that it's kind of lame to use a
ShutterStock photo here and I think my laziness may
have offended some Harvestmen who don't deserve
the injustice of my neglect. It's worth noting though,
that the returns from searching ShutterStock for
"Harvestman" include a picture of a Crane Fly and a
picture of a Cellar Spider at the bottom of the first page
and searching for "Daddy Long Legs" returns this
pic followed by three pics of Crane Flies.
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But as it turns out, not everyone who says "Daddy Long Legs" is referring to Harvestmen. This term can also refer to Cellar Spiders (Pholcids, such as the female Pholcus phalangioides shown at right) and Crane Flies. This over-use of a silly name has had the obvious result: confusion.
One of the most widely known bug myths is that Harvestmen ("Daddy Long Legs") are actually the most poisonous types of spiders, but their fangs are too small to bite people. This is wrong for at least two reasons - which would normally make it right, especially if you're discussing current events with someone who gets all their news from a source that seeks to merely validate the existing opinions of its target audience. The first reason is that Harvestmen aren't spiders, don't have fangs, and aren't poisonous - this myth actually is about Cellar Spiders, but it's been applied to Harvestmen. A version of this myth has also been applied to Crane Flies, but to a much lesser extent. The second reason is that, even if you're talking about Cellar Spiders, it's incorrect. In the early 20th Century, it was reasoned, rather than researched, that because Cellar Spiders commonly eat other spiders, they must be the most venomous (the venomousest?). As it turns out, their venom works well enough to get the job done on spiders and other basement bugs, but is fairly innocuous to people. Further, an adult's fangs are able to bite and deliver that venom to a human.
When it comes to biting, Crane Flies are also often misunderstood. Many people reason that since they look like giant mosquitoes, they must be capable of giving you a giant mosquito-bite. Luckily, if you're bite-prone like me, this is very incorrect. Crane Flies do not have biting, piercing or siphoning mouth parts (they also don't have French-kissing mouth parts, but don't ask my how I know this...). Most Crane Flies do not eat at all as adults. The relative few that do eat as adults prefer flower nectar to blood.
When it comes to biting, Crane Flies are also often misunderstood. Many people reason that since they look like giant mosquitoes, they must be capable of giving you a giant mosquito-bite. Luckily, if you're bite-prone like me, this is very incorrect. Crane Flies do not have biting, piercing or siphoning mouth parts (they also don't have French-kissing mouth parts, but don't ask my how I know this...). Most Crane Flies do not eat at all as adults. The relative few that do eat as adults prefer flower nectar to blood.
This Crane Fly is definitely from the genus Tipula, but it's definitely not T. oleracea or T. paludosa - which are two common pest species imported from Europe. The larvae of these species (which look like leathery grubs) feed on the roots of grasses and cereals. By cereals, I mean things like barley and wheat - not so much Cookie Crisp. Speaking of which, did you ever actually try to eat the "balanced breakfast" that General Mills would flash at you? Most kids simply can't eat that much food (needed to offset the bowl full of cookies that jr. just ate for breakfast) because most kids simply shouldn't be eating Cookie Crisp (cue: childhood obesity). And since we're talking about our various Cookie Crisp grievances, the Cookie Crook (maybe his dog Chip, too) needs to get a life coach or something, because nothing about his M.O. makes sense (why are you always trying to steal cookies from a police officer?!). Identifying Crane Flies to the species level can be difficult because there are so very many of them (500-1000 North American species). Some of them are more easily identifiable by unique markings or bright colors, but that's not the case for this one. He's a pretty good match for a male Tipula paterifera (wing venation, number & color of antenna segments, body coloration & markings, thoracic architecture, layout of facial features, etc.), but he could be a better match for something else and I'm not going to attempt a more definitive classification.
One cool thing you might notice in some of these pictures are the little doo-dads poking out where the Crane Fly's hind wings are supposed to be. These are called halteres. They're common to all flies and their kin, and are believed to be evolved from the hind wings of some ancestral bug. Crane Flies have exaggeratedly long halteres to match their other exaggerated proportions. Crane Flies are not considered to be good fliers (especially compared to some of their future-tech-packed relatives, such as House Flies), but they do better than one would otherwise expect. This is because the halteres aid greatly in flight stabilization especially in controlling pitch and yaw (for you aviation enthusiasts).
So now that you're no longer afraid of Crane Flies or Harvestment ("fear, itself!" Am I right, FDR? Up top!) you can now go out and appreciate these more. The one I caught is a bit drab, but the close-up view is pretty interesting. You can check out more pics of this Crane Fly, including some even closer up, in my Flickr photogallery. Unfortunately, you might also be more afraid than you were before of Cellar Spiders. Despite their not-very-vemomousness, this probably isn't a bad thing because they're creepers. When I imagine what kinds of things they would say, it's usually some superposition of The White Cobra (who threatened to always be lurking just out of sight, on a season 23 SNL skit) and The Gravemind (the malevolent "monument to all your sins" who spoke only in rhyme, in the Halo videogames). I'll eventually get around to doing a full post on them.
Thanks for reading! Comments always appreciated!
They call me quiet girl. But I'm a riot, yeah. Maybe Jolisa - that's not my name! That's not my name!
- The Ting Tings, 2008